Bacterial Skin Infections

Bacteria are microscopic organisms that live, thrive, and colonise on and inside your body. In fact, the body contains far more bacterial cells than human ones.^1b,c
Most bacteria are harmless, vital even, playing an important role in digestion and fighting
infection.^1a For example, beneficial gut bacteria help with digestion and immunity, making your body more resistant to disease, deriving as much benefit from you in return.^1d-f
 

Staph (short for ‘Staphylococcus auerus’) bacteria are the most common cause of skin
infections. A variety of factors, including your immune status and the types of contact sport you play, can increase your risk of developing staph infections.^10h
 

Commonly found on the skin, even in healthy people, Staphylococcus aureus or S.aureus is the most common bacteria involved in infections of the skin and wounds.^3e 

Signs and symptoms of bacterial skin infections vary widely, depending on the location and severity of the infection ^10g

Signs and symptoms of S.aureus skin infections vary from mild and unpleasant to severe and painful.

• Mainly affects infants and children^4a
• Frequently occurs on the nose and mouth but also the hands and feet^4b
• Classic signs include red sores that ooze and rupture and then form a yellowish-brown crust.^4c,e
• Highly contagious, it can spread to other parts of the body and to other children
  through contact with the infected area^4d,e

• Affects people of all ages^5a
• Commonly found on the face, neck, armpits, buttocks and thighs but can appear anywhere on the body^5b
• Symptoms include a swollen, red lump in the skin (sometimes, a hair will grow in
  it), painful to touch and filled with liquid or pus that may ooze out of a central ‘head’^5c
• The boil itself is not contagious but the pus inside it is, particularly if it is oozing^5c,d 

• Occurs anywhere on the skin where there is hair, frequently affecting adult men^6a,7a
• Commonly found on the neck, in the beard area, breasts, buttocks, back and
  chest.^6b,7a
• Hair follicle(s) become inflamed and infected and manifests as a tender pustule.^6a,b,7a,b
• While not usually contagious, prevent the spread of bacteria by not sharing razors and other personal items such as towels and washcloths.^8d,e

• Any wound contaminated with dirt or bacteria can get infected, especially deeper
  scrapes which tend to grind dirt into the skin, and puncture wounds^8a.
• Wound pain that worsens a day or more after the injury often indicates the first sign of infection, and the wound may become red and swollen, ooze pus, and a fever may develop.^8b  While the wound itself is not contagious, to reduce the spread of bacteria to others, keep any cuts clean and covered.^8d,f

To diagnose a bacterial skin infection, your doctor will perform a physical exam and closely examine any skin lesions you have.^9a
A sample for testing may be necessary to check for signs of bacteria.^9a

Treatment usually involves antibiotics and drainage of the infected area.^10a Topical antibiotics can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of many bacterial skin infections.^3b
Topical antibiotic creams and ointments, such as fusidic acid or mupirocin can be prescribed or recommended over-the-counter for bacterial skin infections such as impetigo, infected cuts and grazes, and infected dermatitis. Topical antibiotics
work by stopping the growth of the bacteria causing the infection. These topical creams can also be used to prevent wound infections from occurring.^3c Sodium fusidate (available as an ointment) is a salt of fusidic acid and it works in the same way.^11a Your doctor or pharmacist will be able to recommend the appropriate product to treat your infection.
In most cases, a bacterial skin infection does not cause serious harm. However, if left untreated, and the infection continues to penetrate even deeper it could enter the bloodstream, joints, bones, lungs or heart, and become dangerous.^10a

The primary way to reduce your risk of getting or spreading a bacterial skin infection is by following good personal hygiene habits, and keeping your skin undamaged.¹⁴ Precautions to lower your risk of developing bacterial skin infections include;
washing hands thoroughly, keeping wounds covered, not sharing personal items and taking care when handling food.^10b-f