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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

  • Sneezing.
  • Conjunctivitis.
  • Dark circles under the eyes.
  • Dennie-morgan line or puffy eyelids.
  • Nasal crease and salute.
  • Long face syndrome: a disorder to which the face grows in an excessive amount in the vertical dimension.
  • Allergic shiners.
  • Itchy nostrils, palate or ears.
  • Nasal obstruction or congestion.
  • Rhinorrhoea or postnasal drip.
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TREATMENT OPTIONS

  • Intranasal corticosteroids: can be available over the counter.
  • Antihistamines.
  • Decongestants.
  • Nasal steroid sprays: takes several days to fully take effect.
  • Leukotriene pathway inhibitors.
  • Immunotherapy: can help achieve long term control.
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COMPLICATIONS

  • Otitis media with effusions.
  • Decreased quality of life.
  • Long face syndrome.
  • Sinusitis.
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LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS

  • Try to avoid triggers
  • Avoid using fans which can draw pollen, moulds or dust into the house
  • Wear sunglasses or normal glasses to protect your eyes from outdoor irritants
  • If you are working in your garden, wear a pollen mask and take appropriate prophylactic medication beforehand
  • Try to hang your clothes indoors instead of outdoors to dry to prevent outdoor irritants clinging onto the clothing, especially towels and sheets
  • Avoid rubbing your eyes when they are irritated
  • Wash your hands after touching pets and wash clothes after visiting homes of friends who have pets
  • Limit outdoor activities and keep windows and doors closed as much as possible during pollen seasons
  • Remove carpets from the bedroom
  • Try and keep the pets off furniture, out of your bedroom and try to have them washed weekly
  • To kill dust mites, wash bedding in hot water
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TRIGGERS

  • Outdoor irritants such as grass, pollen, trees, weeds, dust, etc.
  • Indoor allergens such as pet dander, pet hair, dust mites, mould, etc.
  • Cigarette smoke, strong perfumes, exhaust fumes.
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